Biologiczna oczyszczalnia ścieków - JPR-AQUA

Description

A household sewage treatment plant is an autonomous plant for treatment of domestic sewage (grey sewage and black sewage) and discharging it in a treated state into the ground. Thanks to natural gravitational, mechanical, biochemical and physical phenomena occurring in the devices, they are fully environmentally friendly.

JPR AQUA, with its many years of experience, offers complete equipment that is fully adapted to all conditions. Technological knowledge and proven raw material suppliers allow us to guarantee you the highest quality equipment.

We produce local sewage treatment plants up to 450 PE (flow 67,5 m3 per day)!

Advantages and disadvantages of the FIL D’EAU biological sewage treatment plant

A household biological sewage treatment plant has many good points:

environmentally friendly design – the construction of a treatment plant at the given site ensures that the sewage does not enter the soil directly, but only in a purified form, after reduction of the relevant parameters (therefore the close environment is safe),
economic and financial considerations – due to low operating costs the investment pays for itself after a relatively short period of use in comparison with municipal sewage systems or archaic septic tanks,
accessibility of use – it basically comes down to the use of appropriate bacteria and removal of sludge which accumulates in the tank, as well as periodical inspection of the device in order to control its proper functioning,
universal character – the devices can be used for all objects generating domestic sewage, practically in all terrain and ground conditions with the application of appropriate assembly rules,
durability – JPR AQUA grants a ten-year warranty for its equipment, thus assuring that all quality requirements dictated by law and production experience are met; unfavourable weather conditions have no negative impact on the equipment operation
no nuisance – no unpleasant smells are emitted (condition: correct execution of high ventilation, in accordance with the art of construction; there is no need to worry about overfilling the tank (flow-through device), or the need for frequent emptying (as in the case of a septic tank),
easy to install – tanks are relatively lightweight, no special equipment is required for setting, biological treatment plants do not require large investment space (this is a big advantage in the case of small plots)

When it comes to biological sewage treatment, in general, the only drawback is the high one-off financial effort at the start of the investment. In the case of septic tanks or municipal sewage systems, the financial outlays are relatively low for individual short periods of time. However, when considering a systematic approach to sewage management, a longer timeframe should be taken into account. The monthly operating costs of a biological sewage treatment plant are very low compared to the other solutions mentioned above. In addition, the initial, one-off expense is very often “mitigated” by subsidies offered by individual municipalities for the purchase of such equipment.

Biological sewage treatment plants of JPR AQUA brand are proven technology and confirmed quality, ensuring high degree of purification (up to 98%). Feel invited to acquaint yourself with our offer.

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Domestic sewage treatment in a household biological treatment plant takes place in two successive stages:

primary treatment (anaerobic) in the Family septic tank
secondary treatment (aerobic bacteria) in the FIL D’EAU biological bed

STAGE I – preliminary-treatment – Family septic tank

The preliminary treatment of domestic sewage takes place in a septic tank. Impurities enter the tank through the inlet pipe which slows down the flow and minimizes the turbulence of flotation substances and mineral and organic deposits (deflector). The particles floating in the sewage fall to the bottom and form sludge which undergoes a slow process of anaerobic digestion. On the surface of the sewage in the septic tank, the so-called “scum” is formed, which is foam created during the fermentation process from various substances contained in the sewage. The particles of impurities are decomposed into water-soluble substances and those insoluble mineral substances which remain at the bottom of the tank. For the fermentation process to be effective, it must take at least 3 days and it is therefore essential to select the appropriate capacity of the vessel depending on the population equivalent and therefore the amount of sewage to be treated. The pre-treated sewage flows additionally through the filter for further treatment (stage II). The additional filter in question is a basket filled with stone – puzzolana, which retains suspended solids and fats and, thanks to its specific properties, reacts with Ca(OH)2 to form silicates and aluminosilicates, which allows phosphorus to be removed from the sewage.

Due to the principle of operation, and also due to the method of selecting the appropriate volume of the device depending on the number of users, it should be emphasised that the treatment plant should not be fed with, among other things, rainwater and drainage water, large quantities of poorly contaminated water from other sources – swimming pools, barrels (their quantity fluctuates, sometimes it is very large, therefore it would adversely affect the expected results of treatment), rinses from water softener filters (washings with salt and its solutions), substances of industrial character: oils, greases, paints, solvents, varnishes, condensates from furnaces (the condensate should be discharged into the outflow of the treatment plant), fats in large quantities.

STAGE II – secondary treatment – FIL D’EAU biological bed

The FIL D’EAU biological bed is set behind the FAMILY settling tank and connected to it by gravity. It is a device treating domestic sewage with aerobic bacteria. The carrier of aerobic bacteria forming biomass, whose food components are sewage, is a structure of submerged textile fibres. These fibres are stretched on frames placed perpendicularly to the tank axis at such a distance from each other that they allow the maximum flow of the liquid stream (allowing the removal of dead bacteria), while at the same time protecting against too large flow variation. The particular precision of the device design prevents the occurrence of potentially hypoxic areas, which could result in uncontrolled bacterial growth. The fibres used (POLITEX type) have a diameter of 50 microns. It is estimated that a square metre of surface with textile fibres contains one hundred square metres of active surface on which biomass accumulates.

Oxygen is supplied through diffusers placed at the bottom of the tank by means of an electric box mounted compressor. Fine bubble aeration increases the conversion rate of organic matter through biochemical reactions (oxidation and reduction). Thanks to aerobic bacteria, organic and ammonium nitrogen is converted to less harmful NO3 nitrate through oxidation (nitrification).

In the biological bed, there is an integrated secondary settling tank – a mobile chamber in which a recirculation pump is installed (in beds for more than 12 PE the recirculation pump is located in a separate tank – the secondary settling tank, connected behind the biological bed). Thanks to recirculation, it is possible to stop suspended solids from entering the environment as much as possible – the efficiency of the treatment process is increased by the return of active biomass to the FAMILY septic tank. The recirculation process results in a large volume of sewage passing through the treatment cycle twice. In addition, recirculation increases the resistance of the treatment system to irregularities in sewage inflow (e.g. during absence of users). The recirculation pump is controlled by a timer (located in the electrical box) and operates from 1 to 15 minutes per day depending on the size of the unit.

Recirculation:

enables the denitrification process, i.e. the breakdown of nitrates (formed in an aerobic environment) into oxygen and free nitrogen in the septic tank,
enables the transfer of residual sludge to a septic tank, thus eliminating the need to take out the sludge from the biological bed.

The effects of the reduction of individual parameters in the FIL D’EAU biological bed treatment plant are presented in the table below.

Characteristics	Efficiency in %	Raw sewage at the inlet mg/l into the station	Sewage from the station at the exit in mg/l
Suspended solids	96-98	506	13
COD	85-92	901	125
BOD5	92-98	390	29
Total nitrogen	46-57	76	52
Ammonium nitrogen	30-40	48	44
Total phosphorus	30-35	10	7

Technological advantages of the FIL D’EAU biological treatment plant by JPR AQUA:

Technology tested by the French notified laboratory CSTB with the number CAPE AT 09-81-V1.
Large capacity of the treatment plant.
Wide range of equivalent population.
Simple plant construction.
The design based on independent tanks gives great flexibility when choosing a place and installing the treatment plant.
Corrugated tank structure.
Calibrated outlet (shown on the drawing in the construction section).
Decompression valve (vent) on the parallel plane of the inlet.
Low price in relation to product quality.

to the septic tank (place of raw sewage inflow).

responsible for slowing down the incoming sewage, the vent is located on a plane parallel to the inlet, which avoids situations connected with closing the decompression or clogging the inlet.

the stage of pre-treatment of the introduced sewage takes place here. Particles floating in the sewage fall to the bottom creating a sludge which undergoes slow anaerobic processes (fermentation). The particles are broken down into water-soluble substances and those insoluble mineral substances which remain at the bottom of the tank.

a basket with the lower sewage inflow filled with an additional filter in the form of a deposit of volcanic origin (puzzolana), which, thanks to its specific properties, is a filtering agent that retains suspended solids and protects the further part of the installation from silting up.

covering the inspection hatch.

an improvement to ensure 3-day effluent retention. The calibrated small hole causes the sewage to flow out of the tank at a very slow rate, increasing its level by only a few percent of the tank capacity, until it overflows the outlet valve in the calibrated outlet.

to the FIL D'EAU biological bed (place of pre-treated sewage inlet).

– the secondary treatment stage takes place here with the help of aerobic bacteria.

the compressor is the source of aeration, it supplies compressed air through the aeration tube to the diffusers, thus enabling further sewage treatment processes in the bed; the compressor runs continuously around the clock regardless of the Fil d'eau capacity recirculation pump controller – it starts the pump and thus initiates the recirculation process lasting from 1 to 15 minutes a day.

Diffusers (rubber membranes) – produce very fine air bubbles to oxygenate the FIL D'EAU biological bed to maximise the conversion rate of organic matter through multiple biochemical reactions of oxidation and reduction.

thanks to their large active surface area, they serve to host aerobic bacteria which, through appropriate biochemical reactions, clean the effluent.

secondary settling tank with recirculation pump – a chamber where a pump is placed to recirculate treated sewage and suspended sludge intermittently from the secondary settling tank into the primary settling tank, which allows for sewage denitrification consisting in the breakdown of nitrates into free nitrogen and oxygen.

enabling the transport of sewage from the secondary settling tank to the septic tank.

allows the treated sewage to be discharged to a further part of the system.

JPR AQUA range of biological treatment plants	Components of the treatment plant			Population equivalent	Flow per day [m³/day]
JPR AQUA range of biological treatment plants	biological bed	septic tank(s)	secondary settling tank	Population equivalent	Flow per day [m³/day]
FIL D’EAU 2000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 2000	FAMILY 2000	integrated mobile chamber in the biological bed	6 RLM	0,9
FIL D’EAU 3000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 3000	FAMILY 3000	integrated mobile chamber in the biological bed	12 RLM	1,8
FIL D’EAU 5000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 5000	FAMILY 5000	secondary settling tank OW 3000	25 RLM	3,75
FIL D’EAU 10000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 10000	FAMILY 10000	secondary settling tank OW 3000	50 RLM	7,5
FIL D’EAU 15000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 15000	FAMILY 15000	secondary settling tank OW 5000	75 RLM	11,25
FIL D’EAU 20000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 20000	FAMILY 20000	secondary settling tank OW 10000	100 RLM	15
FIL D’EAU 30000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 30000	FAMILY 30000	secondary settling tank OW 10000	150 RLM	22,5
FIL D’EAU 35000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 35000	FAMILY 35000	secondary settling tank OW 15000	200 RLM	30
FIL D’EAU 40000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 40000	FAMILY 40000	secondary settling tank OW 25000	250 RLM	37,5
FIL D’EAU 50000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 50000	FAMILY 50000	secondary settling tank OW 25000	300 RLM	45
FIL D’EAU 60000 biological treatment plant	FIL D’EAU 60000	FAMILY 60000	secondary settling tank OW 30000	350 RLM	52,5
FIL D’EAU 70000 biological treatment plant	2 x FIL D’EAU 35000	2 x FAMILY 35000	secondary settling tank OW 35000	400 RLM	60
FIL D’EAU 80000 biological treatment plant	2 x FIL D’EAU 40000	2 x FAMILY 40000	secondary settling tank OW 40000	450 RLM	67,5

Each of the above mentioned JPR AQUA treatment plants is a complete set of equipment including filter in the septic tanks, as well as electrical box with mounted compressor and recirculation pump timer.

Optional equipment:

Family 33 superstructure (height: 390 mm)
Family 19 superstructure (height: 240 mm)
WQ 250 F pump

Approvals/certificates held:

sewage treatment plants with the FIL D’EAU bed are manufactured in accordance with the provisions of the PN-EN 12566-1 standard
CE marking
CSTB notified body certificate no. 0679

Biologiczne oczyszczalnie ścieków - projekt

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Family 33 superstructure

Family 19 superstructure

bacterial activator – AQUAbact

geotextile

Family cover

Materiał filtrujący puzzolana do oczyszczalni - JPR-AQUA

filter material – puzzolana

electrical box stand

absorbing well 600

absorbing well 1000

Selection

Biological sewage treatment plants are selected taking into account the population equivalent (PE).

Each JPR AQUA device is designed for a specific PE number.

In case of sewage treatment plants for buildings other than residential houses, PE is determined by means of specific coefficient (table below), converting other type of users into hypothetical number of permanent residents.

R L M

Equivalent population = number of users ∙ auxiliary factor for the calculation of PE

Type of facility	Auxiliary factor for determining PE
residential building (1 resident = 1 PE)	1
school with a boarding house and a canteen	1
school with a canteen without a boarding house	0,17-0,4
school without a canteen	0,12-0,18
office, shop	0,12-0,18
kindergarten	0,55
nursery	0,95
medical clinic without hydrotherapy	0,12
pharmacy	0,6
hotel with a restaurant	2
hotel without a restaurant	1
motel	1,25-1,87
bar	1,25-2,18
café	0,4
hospital, clinic	3
social care home	1,7
permanent camping area with warm water with cold water	0,95 0,62
reception room with a kitchen for occasional use	0,3
reception room for occasional use, conference room, disco	0,1
occasional use – public areas	0,05

LOCATION OF THE DEVICE:

In accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of 12 April 2002 on the technical conditions to be met by buildings and their location (Journal of Laws No. 75 of 2002, item 690, as amended), the most important rules regarding the location of the household sewage treatment plant on the plot are as follows:

the criterion of the protective distance from groundwater: the vertically measured distance between the bottom of the infiltration device and the highest level of the groundwater table should not be less than 1.5 m
the criterion of protective distance from water intakes (wells): the distance between the well and a sealed septic tank and the FIL D’EAU reservoir should be at least 15 m, while between the well and the infiltration device should be at least 30 m (this limitation also applies to water intakes relative to neighboring plots)
the criterion of keeping a minimum distance of 2 m from the plot border
with a developed root system of plants on the plot, it is recommended to keep a distance of 2 m from the device

PREPARATION AND SETTING OF THE UNIT:

The ordinate of the sewage outlet level from the building determines the ordinate of the settling tank foundation, and further on, the tank with FIL D’EAU and secondary settling tank (the treatment plants are always installed in the following order: septic tank, FIL D’EAU biological bed, secondary settling tank). The optimum depth for the setting of the unit is 30-50 cm underground. If the level of the sewage outlet from the building is located too deep, then the raw sewage should be pumped up to the desired level.

The unit should be located as close to the building as possible – the greater the distance between the building and the tank, the greater the risk of the sewage cooling. Easy access to the tank and parts requiring maintenance should be provided for cleaning vehicles and those responsible for its regular servicing.

Before setting the tanks, the ground and water conditions at the site should be examined. Under typical ground conditions (load-bearing soil level above groundwater, with setting up to 50 cm deep), the installation does not require any additional protection. If there are special conditions on site, then depending on the situation, the following should be done:

in low-bearing soils (clay and other cohesive soils, organic sludge, peat and other such types) – replace the soil with a new one around the walls of the tanks and in the area above the device, adequately protect the new soil against migration,
in case of high groundwater level – make a concrete slab at the bottom of the trench with stainless steel anchors and fasten the tanks with anchor belts (with a corrosion-resistant fastening system),
if the unit is set at a great depth or if the unit is installed in a place of motor vehicle traffic (load class D400 – up to 40 tons) – make a relief plate of sufficient size according to the design assumptions, and a hatch of an appropriate class.

Place the unit on the prepared ground, level the tanks. If necessary, provide the necessary additional protection as designed. Fill the machine in stages with clean water, 20-30 cm high, of the liquid column in the tanks, while filling the space between the unit and the trench walls with stabilised sand – in normal conditions in the proportion of 25 kg of cement per 1 m3 (compact until the appropriate values of the compaction index are reached). The next step is to connect the installation.

CONNECTING THE COMPRESSOR, RECIRCULATION PUMP AND VENTILATION:

After backfilling the tanks with stabilised sand to the level of the connections, proceed to the connection of the compressor, recirculation pump and ventilation.

INSTALLING THE COMPRESSOR: The compressor as a source of aeration of the biological bed is placed (together with the recirculation pump timer) in the electrical box. It provides specific protection for the elements in the system against all adverse weather conditions. The maximum distance from the electrical box to the treatment plant is up to 20 metres. The box is prepared for installation on the facade as standard (a rack variant can be chosen for mounting in a free-standing option, e.g. next to the treatment plant). The electrical box should be placed above the tank (so that the liquid cannot get into the compressor). The compressor runs 24 hours a day.

INSTALLATION OF THE RECIRCULATING PUMP – in models of biological sewage treatment plant FIL D’EAU up to 12 PE, the recirculation pump is placed in an integrated, mobile chamber in the FIL D’EAU biological bed tank. In treatment plant models where the number of PE is higher than 12, the basket with the pump is located in a separate tank (secondary settling tank, whose external structure is identical to the septic tank). The excess sludge from the chamber/secondary settling tank is pumped into the inlet pipe of the septic tank is carried out through a PE pipe 32 mm in diameter. The PE pipe should be connected by means of prepared PE connectors situated in the tee (mounted directly in front of the septic tank) and by the inspection hatch in the FIL D’EAU biological bed/secondary settling tank (the last one in the process line).

VENTILATION – the household sewage treatment plant must be properly ventilated. The fermentation processes taking place in the septic tank are the source of unpleasant smells, which without a proper ventilation system can be felt in the area of the treatment plant, sometimes also in the rooms inside the building. It should also be noted that the compressor forces a large amount of air into the plant and this air also needs to have its own free outlet. The gases in the household sewage treatment plant move in the opposite direction to the sewage flow. Therefore, you must be absolutely certain that the building is equipped with a proper ventilation system for the sewer riser (pipe of at least 100 mm in diameter, correctly lead up to the roof without bends greater than 45 degrees). If there is no such installation, then an independent ventilation system must be provided. This may be high ventilation (recommended) or low ventilation (in the case of low ventilation, there is no certainty that the odour problem within the treatment plant will be resolved).

SYSTEMS FOR COLLECTING TREATED SEWAGE

One of the most popular receivers of sewage is an absorbing well (an area of coarse, permeable soil types). The absorbing well is suitable for investment areas where the groundwater level is not high and where permeable soil types are present. Therefore, the construction of an absorbing well definitely requires a detailed investigation of the soil and water conditions (geotechnical investigation). As for the permeability of the soil, this can also be checked by carrying out a percolation test (more about carrying out the test in the tools section). Other sewage collection systems include:

discharging treated effluent into a watercourse or drainage ditch (after obtaining a water permit, which specifies the expected parameters of the treated effluent, its volume and the frequency of sample testing)
use of treated sewage e.g. as a plant irrigation system on the plot
infiltration drainage

All installation activities should be carried out in accordance with the applicable regulations, standards, construction art and safety rules.

Each piece of equipment offered by JPR AQUA is accompanied by technical and operation documentation which includes detailed conditions for setting, installation and commissioning as well as operation of the equipment.

The guarantee of proper operation of the household sewage treatment plant is its regular inspection, cleaning and emptying of the settling tanks. The maintenance intervals are shown in the table below

Frequency	Maintenance operation
once a month	use of bacterial activator *
	aeration check (check that you can hear the compressor, which should be running 24 hours a day)
	checking the operation of the pump, i.e. checking the recirculation – the pump makes a characteristic noise when it is started and a whirlpool is created in the chamber in which it is placed, which means that it is operating correctly (the pump is set at 6 and 24 o’clock according to GMT +1 time zone)
once every six months	rinsing the puzzolana filter
once every six months	cleaning the compressor filter
at least once every two years (or when settling tank is 50% accupied with sludge)	emptying of septic tank

*recommended use of bacterial activator at least once a month or as recommended by the bacterial activator manufacturer

Practical advice:

The emptying of the septic tank takes place at what is known as full condition This means that when the tank is emptied by the slurry tanker, it should be topped up with water so that the tank is always full. This allows the inside of the septic tank to be thoroughly flushed out and eliminates the risk of it being crushed by earth pressure.
After topping up the tank(s) with water, a double dose of the biopreparation should be introduced into the treatment plant. This will enable the appropriate bacterial flora to become established in the settling tank.
Rinsing of the filter with puzzolana should be done outside the tank. Puzzolana should be poured out of the basket, rinsed well (with a direct stream of water), if necessary topped up. The basket should be well cleaned.

Please note! It is not allowed to enter the tanks due to the risk of poisoning from the gases generated during the septic process (methanol, carbon dioxide).

Biologiczna oczyszczalnia ścieków ze złożem FIL D'EAU - grafika JPR-AQUA

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bacterial activator – AQUAbact

filter material – puzzolana

membrane blower

Omnigena submersible pump WQ 250F

Family cover

long basket

Description

Advantages and disadvantages of the FIL D’EAU biological sewage treatment plant

Approvals/certificates held:

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Description

Advantages and disadvantages of the FIL D’EAU biological sewage treatment plant

1 Inlet stub pipe

1 Inlet stub pipe

2 Deflector with a vent

2 Deflector with a vent

3 Settling tank

3 Settling tank

4 Puzzolana basket

4 Puzzolana basket

5 Tank cover

5 Tank cover

6 Calibrated outlet

6 Calibrated outlet

7 Inlet stub pipe

7 Inlet stub pipe

8 FIL D'EAU biological bed

8 FIL D'EAU biological bed

9 Electric box with a compressor and recirculation pump controller

9 Electric box with a compressor and recirculation pump controller

10 Compressed air supply line to the diffusers

10 Compressed air supply line to the diffusers

11 Diffusers (membrane rubbers)

11 Diffusers (membrane rubbers)

12 Politex textile fibres

12 Politex textile fibres

13 Integrated – up to 12 PE (above independent)

13 Integrated – up to 12 PE (above independent)

14 Recirculation pipe

14 Recirculation pipe

15 Outlet stub pipe

15 Outlet stub pipe

Approvals/certificates held:

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